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Afforestation and Reforestation: Drivers, Dynamics, and Impacts

Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramaticall...

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Main Authors: Sun, Ge, Dong, Gang, Xiao, Jingfeng, Hao, Lu, Zhang, Zhiqiang
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
Subjects:
QH301-705.5
Q1-390
SD1-669.5
simulation modeling
shear strength
stand structure
vegetation restoration
surface runoff
soil and water conservation function
soil enzymes
riverbank
evapotranspiration
human activity
afforestation
Artemisia ordosica
forest cover
precipitation variation
soil bioengineering
base flow
Poyang Lake Basin
in situ calibration
quantification
chlorophyll fluorescence
photoprotection
remote sensing
root distribution
ecosystem model
CASA
afforestation ecosystem
phenophase
vegetation cover change
soil characteristics
Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. mixed plantations
composted pine bark
water-energy balance
sediment load
soil respiration
energy partitioning
soil microbial biomass
transpiration
net primary productivity
spatio-temporal scales
seedling quality
peat moss
fresh pine sawdust
understory plants
ring-porous trees
different climatic conditions
dye tests
structural equation model
Loess Plateau
evapotranspiration (ET)
Pinus engelmannii Carr.
empirical statistics
heat dissipation probes
MODIS
slope change ratio of cumulative quantities (SCRCQ)
soil water balance
LAI
climate fluctuation
BTOPMC model
living brush mattress
vegetation greening
streamflow
thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
Online Access:42584
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